Iowa

Summary

Adult adoptees in Iowa do not have access to their own original birth certificates, except by court order.

Adoption records may be inspected, and the court may release the names of birth parents, but only if an adoptee petitions the court and shows good cause for the release of the information. A birth parent, however, may file an affidavit with the court to “reveal or not reveal the parent’s identity.” Good cause to reveal the identity of a birth parent is not required for an adoption finalized before July 4, 1941, and whose adoption record was not required to be sealed at the time when the adoption record was completed. An affidavit of a birth parent, however, is still considered by the court in making a decision to release identifying information.

Identifying information may be available to adult adoptees through Iowa’s mutual consent adoption registry.

Relevant Iowa Law: Original Birth Certificate

144.19. Adoption certificate
For each adoption decreed by any court in this state, the court shall require the preparation of a certificate of adoption on a form prescribed and furnished by the state registrar. The certificate shall include a report of the facts necessary to locate and identify the certificate of birth of the person adopted, provide information necessary to establish a new certificate of birth of the person adopted, identify the order of adoption, and be certified by the clerk of the court. A fee established by the department by rule based on average administrative cost shall be collected for the preparation of a certificate of adoption. Fees collected under this section shall be deposited in the general fund of the state.

144.23. State registrar to issue new certificate
The state registrar shall establish a new certificate of birth for a person born in this state, when the state registrar receives the following:

1. An adoption report as provided in section 144.19, or a certified copy of the decree of adoption together with the information necessary to identify the original certificate of birth and to establish a new certificate of birth.

2. A request that a new certificate be established and evidence proving that the person for whom the new certificate is requested has been legitimated, or that a court of competent jurisdiction has determined the paternity of the person.

3. A notarized affidavit by a licensed physician and surgeon or osteopathic physician and surgeon stating that by reason of surgery or other treatment by the licensee, the sex designation of the person has been changed. The state registrar may make a further investigation or require further information necessary to determine whether a sex change has occurred.

144.24 Substituting New for Original Birth Certificates — Inspection
If a new certificate of birth is established, the actual place and date of birth shall be shown on the certificate. The certificate shall be substituted for the original certificate of birth. Thereafter, the original certificate and the evidence of adoption, paternity, legitimation, or sex change shall not be subject to inspection except under order of a court of competent jurisdiction, including but not limited to an order issued pursuant to section 600.16A, or as provided by administrative rule for statistical or administrative purposes only. However, the state registrar shall, upon the application of an adult adopted person, a biological parent, an adoptive parent, or the legal representative of the adult adopted person, the biological parent, or the adoptive parent, inspect the original certificate and the evidence of adoption and reveal to the applicant the date of the adoption and the name and address of the court which issued the adoption decree.

Relevant Iowa Law: Adoption Records

600.16A Termination and adoption records closed — exceptions — penalty
1. The permanent termination of parental rights record of the juvenile court under chapter 600A and the permanent adoption record of the juvenile court or court shall be sealed by the clerk of the juvenile court or the clerk of court, as appropriate, when they are complete and after the time for appeal has expired.

2. All papers and records pertaining to a termination of parental rights under chapter 600A and to an adoption shall not be open to inspection and the identity of the biological parents of an adopted person shall not be revealed except under any of the following circumstances:

a. An agency involved in placement shall contact the adopting parents or the adult adopted child regarding eligibility of the adopted child for benefits based on entitlement of benefits or inheritance from the terminated biological parents.

b. The juvenile court or court, for good cause, shall order the opening of the permanent adoption record of the juvenile court or court for the adopted person who is an adult and reveal the names of either or both of the biological parents following consideration of both of the following:

(1) A biological parent may file an affidavit requesting that the juvenile court or court reveal or not reveal the parent’s identity. The juvenile court or court shall consider any such affidavit in determining whether there is good cause to order opening of the records. To facilitate the biological parents in filing an affidavit, the department shall, upon request of a biological parent, provide the biological parent with an adoption information packet containing an affidavit for completion and filing with the juvenile court or court.

(2) If the adopted person who applies for revelation of the biological parents’ identity has a sibling who is a minor and who has been adopted by the same parents, the juvenile court or court may deny the application on the grounds that revelation to the applicant may also indirectly and harmfully permit the same revelation to the applicant’s minor sibling.

c. A biological sibling of an adopted person may file or may request that the department file an affidavit in the juvenile court or court in which the adopted person’s adoption records have been sealed requesting that the juvenile court or court reveal or not reveal the sibling’s name to the adopted person. The juvenile court or court shall consider any such affidavit in determining whether there is good cause to order opening of the records upon application for revelation by the adopted person. However, the name of the biological sibling shall not be revealed until the biological sibling has attained majority.

d. The juvenile court or court may, upon competent medical evidence, open termination or adoption records if opening is shown to be necessary to save the life of or prevent irreparable physical or mental harm to an adopted person or the person’s offspring. The juvenile court or court shall make every reasonable effort to prevent the identity of the biological parents from becoming revealed under this paragraph to the adopted person. The juvenile court or court may, however, permit revelation of the identity of the biological parents to medical personnel attending the adopted person or the person’s offspring. These medical personnel shall make every reasonable effort to prevent the identity of the biological parents from becoming revealed to the adopted person.

3.a. In addition to other procedures by which adoption records may be opened under this section, if both of the following conditions are met, the department, the clerk of court, or the agency which made the placement shall open the adoption record for inspection and shall reveal the identity of the biological parents to the adult adopted child or the identity of the adult adopted child to the biological parents:

(1) A biological parent has placed in the adoption record written consent to revelation of the biological parent’s identity to the adopted child at an age specified by the biological parent, upon request of the adopted child.

(2) An adult adopted child has placed in the adoption record written consent to revelation of the identity of the adult adopted child to a biological parent.

b. A person who has placed in the adoption record written consent pursuant to paragraph “a”, subparagraph (1) or (2) may withdraw the consent at any time by placing a written withdrawal of consent statement in the adoption record.

c. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, if the adult adopted person has a sibling who is a minor and who has also been adopted by the same parents, the department, the clerk of court, or the agency which made the placement may deny the request of either the adult adopted person or the biological parent to open the adoption records and to reveal the identities of the parties pending determination by the juvenile court or court that there is good cause to open the records pursuant to subsection 2.

4. An adopted person whose adoption became final prior to July 4, 1941, and whose adoption record was not required to be sealed at the time when the adoption record was completed, shall not be required to show good cause for an order opening the adoption record under this subsection, provided that the juvenile court or court shall consider any affidavit filed under this subsection.

5. Notwithstanding subsection 2, a termination of parental rights order issued pursuant to this chapter, section 600A.9, or any other chapter shall be disclosed to the child support recovery unit, upon request, without court order.

6. Any person, other than the adopting parents or the adopted person, who discloses information in violation of this section, is guilty of a simple misdemeanor.

Relevant Iowa Law: Identifying Information

144.43A. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
1. In addition to other procedures by which birth certificates may be inspected under this chapter, the state registrar shall establish a mutual consent voluntary adoption registry through which adult adopted children, adult siblings, and the biological parents of adult adoptees may register to obtain identifying birth information.

2. If all of the following conditions are met, the state registrar shall reveal the identity of the biological parent to the adult adopted child or the identity of the adult adopted child to the biological parent, shall notify the parties involved that the requests have been matched, and shall disclose the identifying information to those parties:

a. A biological parent has filed a request and provided consent to the revelation of the biological parent’s identity to the adult adopted child, upon request of the adult adopted child.

b. An adult adopted child has filed a request and provided consent to the revelation of the identity of the adult adopted child to a biological parent, upon request of the biological parent.

c. The state registrar has been provided sufficient information to make the requested match.

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, if the adult adopted person has a sibling who is a minor and who has also been adopted, the state registrar shall not grant the request of either the adult adopted person or the biological parent to reveal the identities of the parties.

4. If all of the following conditions are met, the state registrar shall reveal the identity of the adult adopted child to an adult sibling and shall notify the parties involved that the requests have been matched, and disclose the identifying information to those parties:

a. An adult adopted child has filed a request and provided consent to the revelation of the adult adopted child’s identity to an adult sibling.

b. The adult sibling has filed a request and provided consent to the revelation of the identity of the adult sibling to the adult adopted child.

c. The state registrar has been provided with sufficient information to make the requested match.

5. A person who has filed a request or provided consent under this section may withdraw the consent at any time prior to the release of any information by filing a written withdrawal of consent statement with the state registrar. The adult adoptee, adult sibling, and biological parent shall notify the state registrar of any change in the information contained in a filed request or consent.

6. The state registrar shall establish a fee by rule based on the average administrative costs for providing services under this section.