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Last updated on December 14, 2018

District of Columbia

Summary

Adult adoptees in the District of Columbia do not have access to their original birth certificates, except by court order. The D.C. superior court controls all aspects of releasing an OBC or any identifying information, whether from court records or from vital records. Original birth certificates and adoption court records for adoptions initiated prior to September 1, 1937, however, should be accessible by an adoptee without a court order.

D.C. Superior courts are not in precise agreement about the scope of access an adoptee may have to court adoption records. At least one court decision required the release of information so long as the “welfare of the child will thereby be promoted or protected.” Other court decisions have more strictly interpreted the “welfare of the child” provision and have denied adoptees access to records, including original birth certificates.

U.S. District Court: Adoption Records

Prior to September 14, 1956, the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia had jurisdiction to hear and decide adoption petitions in the District of Columbia. Accordingly, adoptees who were born and adopted prior to 1956 likely have court records on file with the federal court in DC, not with the DC Superior Court. Adoptions initiated prior to 1937, however, are considered public records and should be available and on file with the court.

Petitions to break the seal for records for adoptions between 1937 and 1956 must be made to U.S. District Court. More information is available on the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia website here.

Relevant D.C. Law: Original Birth Certificates

D.C. Code § 7–231.21. New records of live birth for adoption and determination of parentage

(a) The Registrar shall establish a new record of live birth upon receipt of one the following documents:

(1) An adoption form prepared in accordance with § 7-231.19;
(2) An adoption form prepared and filed according to the laws of a state or foreign country;
(3) A certified copy of an order issued by the court determining the parentage of such an individual; or
(4) A voluntary acknowledgment of parentage by an individual in accordance with § 16-2345.

(b) The Registrar shall establish a new record of live birth for an adoptee born outside of the United States upon receipt of a request of the adoptive parent or the adoptee, if the adoptee is 18 years of age or older, and either:

(1) An adoption form prepared in accordance with § 7-231.19; or
(2) A copy of the foreign adoption decree that includes a certified translation of the decree.

(c) If birth information is not already included in the foreign adoption decree, the Registrar may rely on the following evidence to determine the child’s birth date and birthplace:

(1) An original live birth certificate;
(2) Evidence of IR-3 immigrant visa status, or successor immigrant visa status for the child, issued by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services;
(3) A post-adoption live birth certificate issued by the foreign jurisdiction, including a certified copy, extract, or translation; or
(4) An equivalent document, such as a record of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services or the U.S. Department of State.

(d) The Registrar shall return all adoption documents issued by the foreign jurisdiction to the adoptive parent or adoptee, whichever is applicable.

(e) The Registrar shall not establish a new record of live birth if so requested by the adoptive parents pursuant to § 16-314(a).

(f) If the individual’s name has been changed subsequent to adoption or determination of parentage, the order shall include the name that currently appears on the live birth record and the new name to be designated on the replacement record of live birth. The new name of the individual shall be shown on the replacement live birth record.

(g) The actual place and date of live birth shall be displayed on the new record of live birth. The new record shall be substituted for the original record of live birth in the files of the Vital Records Division. The new record shall not designate that parentage has been established by judicial process or by acknowledgement.

(h) A replacement record of live birth shall be substituted for the original record of live birth. The original record of live birth and the evidence of adoption, parentage determination, or parentage acknowledgement submitted shall be placed under seal and not be subject to inspection, except by the Registrar for the purpose of properly administering the system of vital statistics, upon an order of the court, or in accordance with rules issued pursuant to § 7-231.29.

(i) If no record of live birth is on file for the individual for whom a new live birth record is to be established pursuant to this section, and the date and place of live birth have not been determined in the adoption or parentage proceedings, the Registrar shall file a delayed report of live birth before issuing a new record of live birth. The new live birth record shall be prepared in accordance with § 7-231.11.

(j) Upon receipt of a report of an amended decree of adoption, the Registrar shall amend the record of live birth.

(k) Upon receipt of a report or decree of annulment of adoption, the Registrar shall restore the original record of live birth. The annulled record of live birth and its associated evidence shall not be subject to inspection, except upon order of the court or as authorized by rules issued pursuant to § 7-231.29.

(l) The Registrar shall not create a replacement record if the date and place of live birth have not been determined in the adoption or paternity proceedings or if a delayed registration of live birth has not been completed in accordance with § 7-231.11.

(m) When a replacement record of live birth is issued by the Registrar, any agency that possesses a certificate of live birth from the original record shall return the certificate to the Registrar upon request.

D.C. Code § 16-314. Birth certificates
(a) Upon the issuance of a final decree of adoption, an adoption form shall be sent to the Registrar pursuant to the Vital Records Modernization Amendment Act of 2018, passed on 3rd reading on July 10, 2018 (Enrolled version of Bill 22-250). Unless otherwise requested in the petition by the adopters, the Registrar shall cause to be made a new record of the birth in the new name with the names of the adopters and shall then cause the original birth certificate and the order of the Court to be sealed and filed. The sealed package may be opened only by order of the Court or by the Registrar to properly administer the the Vital Records Modernization Amendment Act of 2018, passed on 3rd reading on July 10, 2018 (Enrolled version of Bill 22-250).

(b) If the adoption occurred outside the District either before or after August 25, 1937, a new certificate of birth shall be made pursuant to section 121 of the Vital Records Modernization Amendment Act of 2018, passed on 3rd reading on July 10, 2018 (Enrolled version of Bill 22-250). The Registrar shall seal the original birth certificate. The sealed original birth certificate may be opened only by order of a court of competent jurisdiction or by the Registrar to properly administer the section 121 of the Vital Records Modernization Amendment Act of 2018, passed on 3rd reading on July 10, 2018 (Enrolled version of Bill 22-250).

(c) If the birth of the adoptee occurred outside the District the clerk of the court shall, upon petition by the adopter, furnish him with a certified copy of the final decree of adoption.

(c-1) If the birth of the adoptee occurred outside of the United States, a new certificate of birth shall be made pursuant to section 121 of the Vital Records Modernization Amendment Act of 2018, passed on 3rd reading on July 10, 2018 (Enrolled version of Bill 22-250).

(d) When an adoption in the District occurred prior to August 25, 1937, the court shall, upon presentation of a motion by a party to the proceedings, order the clerk of the court to seal the records in the proceeding. Upon presentation of a certified copy of the order the Mayor shall cause to be made a new record of the birth in the new name and with the names of the adopters and shall then cause to be sealed and filed the original birth certificate with the order of the court. The sealed package may be opened only by order of the court.

Relevant D.C. Law: Adoption Court Records

D.C. Code § 16–311. Sealing and inspection of records and papers
From and after the filing of the petition, records and papers in adoption proceedings shall be sealed. They may not be inspected by any person, including the parties to the proceeding, except upon order of the court, and only then when the court is satisfied that the welfare of the child will thereby be promoted or protected. Such records and papers shall, upon written application to the court, be unsealed and provided to the Child Fatality Review Committee for inspection if the adoptee is deceased and inspection of the records and papers is necessary for the discharge of the Committee’s official duties. The clerk of the court shall keep a separate docket for adoption proceedings.

Filed Under: Original Birth Certificates Tagged With: District of Columbia, Restricted Rights, State OBC Laws

Gregory D. Luce

I am a Minnesota lawyer, DC-born adoptee, and the founder of Adoptee Rights Law Center PLLC. I've been practicing law in Minnesota state and federal courts since 1993. I also have a sense of humor.

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Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Ann Saunders says

    January 12, 2018 at 10:45 am

    I am also an adoptee from DC & very much want to find medical info, any family history, etc.
    Please advise as to steps I need to take to opening papers.
    Thank you.

    Reply
    • Eileen shifflett says

      February 26, 2018 at 7:55 pm

      I petitioned the dc court to break the seal of adoption earlier this year. You can do this yourself (no attorney necessary) and can get the form online. There is an $80 fee and my records were unsealed within 3 weeks. An intermediary has to complete the search. Sadly I have discovered that my bm passed in 2014 but I’m awaiting a reply from my bf. I’d be happy to help you with your journey.

      Reply
      • Ann Saunders says

        March 1, 2018 at 11:58 am

        I have just recently seen your message. Thank you so much for the reply.
        Could you tell me where to get the forms I would need?
        So sorry that your bm has passed. I am pretty sure mine has as well.
        Thanks again.

        Reply
        • Eileen says

          March 1, 2018 at 2:42 pm

          Just google for “break seal adoption Washington DC” and one of the results will contain the form. It’s about 8 pages and must be notarized but overall it’s very easy to complete. My petition was approved in 3 weeks! Hope your search is successful!

          Reply
          • Gregory D. Luce says

            March 1, 2018 at 2:49 pm

            You should all be aware of a number of posts I’ve written on the DC process (I’m a DC adoptee). They are on this page and on my personal blog at gregoryluce.com. It is a simple process, sure, and breaking the seal is easy. But getting actual results is time-consuming, at times humiliating, and often with little results. I know of no adoptees who have ever seen their original birth certificate, except those that were not sealed in the first place (those prior to August 1937).

          • Ann Saunders says

            March 1, 2018 at 3:00 pm

            Thanks

          • AmyGrace Miller says

            January 10, 2020 at 5:06 pm

            I am a DC baby too. Does break the seal adoption petition show original birth certificate or adoption papers or both?

      • Adrienne Rosen says

        May 18, 2018 at 11:33 am

        Hi, My name is Adrienne and I’m helping a friend who was born in 1964 in D.C and adopted. Can you tell us where to get the forms?

        Thanks so much,
        Adrienne

        Reply
        • Gregory D. Luce says

          May 18, 2018 at 11:41 am

          Sure. You can find the court forms here. But I would recommend also reading through some of my own posts on my personal blog about the process and what to expect. I’d start with this one: Petitioning the D.C. Court for Your Adoption Records.

          Reply
          • Kathy Combs says

            June 29, 2020 at 5:56 am

            You mentioned you have never seen an adoptee obtain an original birth certificate. Does that include you as well?
            That’s the main document that I want to obtain because my birth mother named me and then my name was changed when I was adopted

        • Seanna says

          July 28, 2019 at 10:09 pm

          I just wanted to let you know I’m looking for half sister and a brother born in DC both born between 1962 1967

          Reply
      • Krystina says

        February 21, 2019 at 1:01 am

        Help me! I want to unseal my records. I found my BF through AncestryDNA. His family never knew I exsisted. My BM never told them. My BF passed in 1990. Now we all want to know what happened. Help me! [email protected]

        Reply
      • David Thomas Cater says

        August 25, 2021 at 9:46 am

        Is there anyway you can help me find my daughter born in DC in 1999

        Reply
        • Steve says

          August 27, 2021 at 9:30 am

          Do DNA. Ancestry & 23 & Me
          If she was born in DC, that’s all you really have to work with.

          Reply
  2. Eileen says

    March 1, 2018 at 3:40 pm

    That’s correct. I know now that my
    birth mother has passed and yet they won’t even tell me her first name. First time I’ve really been angry about anything related to my adoption, however the entire process of petitioning the court to getting this information was less than 5 weeks which was very pleasantly surprising.

    Reply
  3. Tammy Kapust says

    March 2, 2018 at 10:41 pm

    Hello, what information were you able to obtain once the records were unsealed? I located the identity of my birth father, and was successful in reuniting with his sister, my older sister and cousins. By there accounts my mother took me away from the family. The man whom my mother stated was my father was never married to her. However, without my birth father’s consent, my name was changed to match a man my mother was dating when I was around 8. The social security administration has confirmed that the identifying birth certificate presented had my birth father’s name. My mother, birth father and the man that “legitimized” me are all deceased. Any advice you can provide to assist me in obtaining my original birth certificate is greatly appreciated. If I were to request an amendment of my current birth certificate will DC vital records permit me to change the name of my father to reflect my birth father? This change is vital as the man my mother had my last name changed to was also responsible for raping me, my two sisters and a younger brother. I thank God his blood is not running through my veins. For my children and grandkids I want our family tree and my records to reflect my real father. Thank you

    Reply
  4. Kathleen Diekmann says

    March 22, 2018 at 11:46 pm

    I recently did the Ancestry.com DNA test and was able to find two 1st cousins. One was able to tell me who my birth mother was (I already knew she had passed away) and provide pictures. She’s the only cousin on that side, so my other match has to be on my father’s side. That cousin seems less accommodating to providing information, but I was at least able to eliminate a couple possibilities about my birth father.

    This is just another avenue that you may want to consider. Good luck!

    Reply
    • Krystina says

      February 21, 2019 at 1:11 am

      This is exactly my same story! I took the AncestryDNA test and have one 1st cousin on my mom’s side and my dad’s side. My dad’s side never knew I existed and to be honest, when I did see my original birth certificate, his name was nowhere on it. My adopted mom refuses to let me see my court papers again. I stumbled across them at the age of 11 by accident. Now, 20 years later, she is hiding my court papers from me. I am searching for my birth mom and want to skip the hassle of opening the records…but it seems this is the only way. The first cousin on my birth mom’s side on AncestryDNA refuses to answer any of my messages and even blocked me last night after messaging her over the span of 3 years sending only 3 messages.

      Reply
      • Ron says

        March 12, 2019 at 11:03 am

        Krystina. My twin brother and I were adopted nearly 70 years ago at birth by two wonderful people who gave us the kind of life any adopted child would love to have. We have never pursued our birth parents because at some point, you realize if you’ve grown up in DC and have achieved the level of notoriety that my brother and I have achieved as photojournalist, if those birth parents or their families are still alive, they would have reached out by now. Many biological parents have lives that don’t include your existence as part of the family history. The feelings of shame or fear of being judged or rejected because of a unwanted pregnancy often causes our biological parents to hide from us, often in plain site. Sometimes, as difficult at it may be to consider, it’s best to let sleeping dogs lie. I’ve seen too many documentaries that show the heartbreaking side to connecting with birth parents to want to intrude upon or change the lives of people we really don’t know. I just thank my biological parents for seeing the pregnancy through, giving my brother and I up for adoption and being the catalyst for the lives we’ve been blessed to live for nearly 70 years. This may not help you at all but it’s our story. God Bless.

        Reply
        • Catherine says

          July 21, 2019 at 11:30 am

          You can be blessed with a wonderful adoptive family and a fantastic life and still be entitled to know where you come from. 70 years ago there was no option other than to “see the pregnancy through” and I highly doubt it involved both of your birth parents. I don’t consider my existence either a shameful secret or a “sleeping dog”. We have a birthright and we’re entitled to it.

          Reply
  5. Michael B Cornell says

    June 5, 2018 at 11:42 am

    I will be filing a petition in DC to Break the Seal of Adoption this week!

    In the past year, thanks to 23andMe, I was able to connect to a maternal half-brother, also born in DC. We’re currently on separate coasts, and have gotten together a few times over the past year. As we were both adopted through the same agency, we’re hoping by unsealing records, we may be able to find other family members, and get some medical information as well.

    The information on this site tuned us into the Petition process.

    Thank you for being here!

    Reply
  6. Lisa Beaulieu says

    September 5, 2018 at 10:40 am

    Hi, I’m a birth mother to add her 2 cents. I’m not sure why DC is so extreme compared to other states, it is quite frustrating. In addition, the maternity home I went to lost all their records in a fire, although it sounds like a gothic novel, I guess it is true.

    I used 2 DNA tests to put myself out there and see if I get a match, and tried a third, 23 and me. For some reason, 23 and me could not read my DNA, they tried twice and refused to try a third time saying it would not work. Just to let everyone know, don’t settle for only one test, please!

    Wishing everyone luck with their searches.

    Reply
    • K.Carson says

      March 4, 2019 at 2:36 pm

      Hi…Adoptee here. I’m interested what maternity home you went to as the one I was born in also burned down when I called to get records for it. They said all the records were sent to a storage facility and thats what burned down.

      Reply
    • Catherine says

      July 21, 2019 at 11:33 am

      Every agency involved with adoption pulls that old, pathetic excuse out of thin air all the time. There is either an alarming rate of fire/flood/destruction of only adoption records in this country, or it’s a giant load of you-know-what.

      Reply
  7. Amanda Grimes says

    December 23, 2018 at 12:58 pm

    My mother DOB 2/25/53 was adopted in DC. Her adopted parents passed away many years ago. She has little to no information and has had ovarian cancer. I myself have 3 daughters and would like for her to have some answers for our family and for her in her lifetime. She did an ancestry DNA but has not found any relations. Without have the funds it’s almost impossible to find family. Anyone have any recommendations? She has said that Harmon has been a name that has come up.

    Reply
  8. Karen Worley says

    January 27, 2019 at 9:22 am

    I’m looking for my big brother, born in November 1976 in Washington D.C. I have more details, contact me if this could be you.

    Reply
  9. Kris Finch says

    April 3, 2019 at 10:07 am

    My deceased mother was born in D.C. or Maryland on August 29, 1937. Her adoption was handled through St. Ann’s (previously may have had a different name). Her district of columbia birth certificate with her adoptive parents names as mother & father was filed Sept. 17, 1937, however I have been told she was placed three days after her birth. I am trying to locate the name of my mother’s birthmother or birthfather, a city they were from or their birthdate. Any advice you can provide would be helpful as I know her birthdate falls just prior to the public records cut off.

    Reply
    • Cecilia says

      September 5, 2020 at 5:01 am

      All the records from St. Ann’s are kept at Catholic Charities. You can send them a request to receive non-identifying information from those records. They cannot provide names but they can tell you whatever story they were provided at the time of her adoption. I found that information helpful when reaching out to connections on Ancestry.com

      Reply
  10. Mary says

    June 22, 2019 at 9:57 pm

    Hello. I was born in Alexandria, VA and adopted from Lutheran Social Services out of D.C in 1985. Thanks to some DNA testing, I have been able to reconnect with my other siblings I knew of per the adoption papers I have. However, they did tell me about another sibling that I did not know existed since she would be younger than me and none of us know who she is. All four of us were adopted out separately which makes it more challenging, but I wanted to see if she was perhaps adopted out of the same agency as me. I was told that finding a sibling could be easier than a birth parent and should be freely available, depending upon the state’s rules. I hope I can find some input on this. Thank you.

    Reply
  11. Gina says

    September 21, 2019 at 4:42 pm

    Hi. I was recently found by my sister via Ancestry DNA, didn’t know I was adopted. The parents that raised me are both deceased, I just completed the petition to open the seal adoption document, what information should I expect to receive, ie original BC. My BM is still living, BF died in June 2019 any information will be appreciated

    Reply
  12. Robbin Y Bigham says

    January 8, 2020 at 9:34 am

    Hi, I was adopted at 3 months in DC. Born 8/20/1962 at DC General Hospital. I was adopted from Childrens Village in DC, which I understand was an orphanage then. I want to find my birth parents and I need assistance. Can you tell me how to go about this process with very little money.

    Reply
    • Alan says

      March 9, 2020 at 10:05 am

      DNA

      Reply
  13. Ann Saunders says

    January 8, 2020 at 11:07 am

    Have you tried Ancestry? I found half-sister. Have just recently found a first cousin on my father’s side.
    Ancestry is not too expensive. Great place to start.

    Reply
  14. Elise Eslinger says

    January 14, 2020 at 10:59 pm

    Hi, my mother was born 2-2-47 and was adopted that same year from Catholic Charities in DC. She passed in 2013, she died of brain cancer. I know she tried for many years to ask her adoptive parents about her birth parents However, they were very hush hush about everything. My mom passed without any answer so I would like to find her parents. The medical information would be wonderful to have as my mom was adopted and I never know my bio family her so my medical history is unknown except for the cancer mom had (she also had bladder cancer) any help would be so appreciated!!

    Be Well

    Reply
  15. Ann Saunders says

    January 15, 2020 at 8:36 am

    Have you tried using Ancestry? Found my half-sister & a first cousin.

    Reply
  16. Elise Eslinger says

    January 15, 2020 at 9:06 am

    Hi Ann, thank you for responding. Yes I have done ancestry however, I found 1st cousins on my bio dads side however, nothing on my moms side. I got hits on several 2nd and 3rd cousin however, not sure what side. I have reached out to a couple and they are clueless as to how we may be related. :(. I’m going to do 23 in the next month, maybe I will I have some luck there.

    Reply
  17. Ann Saunders says

    January 15, 2020 at 9:45 am

    I hope you have successful results! Good luck.
    I will tell you my sister had been looking for me for 50 years. Never give up!

    Reply
  18. Elise says

    January 15, 2020 at 10:19 am

    Thank you so so much!!

    Reply
  19. Jen Myers says

    July 20, 2020 at 10:35 pm

    My father was born May 1951 in DC. His BM brought him back to Nebraska to be adopted. My dad has passes away and his BM passed about 1 1/2 years ago. The forms says you can’t search on someone else’s behalf so does that mean I can’t request it as his daughter even though he has passed?

    Reply
  20. Sheryl says

    April 6, 2021 at 6:54 pm

    The Real ID regulations go into effect in October 2021. Many states are already using Real ID. For adoptees it requires OBC, name change records, and adoption records. How has D.C. law changed to accommodate Real ID requirements?

    Reply
  21. Donna Lassiter says

    May 19, 2021 at 5:15 pm

    I was born in DC and adopted by my biological aunt & uncle they have since passed and I have been unable to see adoption papers, I have a live birth certificate with my adopted parents name it looks doctored. If my adoption was legal would adopted parents have live birth certificate

    Reply
  22. Catherine Wilson says

    March 7, 2022 at 8:21 pm

    I am trying to get my original birth certificate so that my grandchildren have a record of who I am after I am gone. I was born in Washington DC in 1958. My parents divorced in 1962 and my mom moved with me back to RI. My mother remarried and her husband adopted me in 1968. I can’t understand why I have to get a court order to unseal my birth certificate when I sat in a room with my mother, my soon-to-be step father, and a judge when the adoption was finalized. No one needs to be protected. I wasn’t given up by both parents and I know my birth father who gave up its rights. What is the rationale for DC keeping me from accessing my sealed birth certificate? Thanks for listening it has been bugging me for decades. .

    Reply

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Adoptee Rights Law Center

The Adoptee Rights Law Center PLLC is an adoptee-focused legal practice founded by Gregory Luce, a Minnesota lawyer and D.C.-born adoptee.

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DC Resources

Petitioning the D.C. Courts for Your Adoption Records

In Re Adoption of Female Infant (ordering release of court adoption records and outlining procedure to be followed in petitions to break seal)
(Super. Ct. D.C. Fam. Div. A-449-59, January 31, 1979)

DC Regulations and Codes
  • Online Code of the District of Columbia: Adoptions
  • Relevant Regulations: Child-Placing Agencies
  • Relevant Regulations: Vital Records

The OBC: Maps

US OBC Rights Placeholder
US OBC Rights
Alabama. Adult adoptees have the unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates, beginning at age 19. Read more.
Alaska. Adult adoptees have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates, beginning at age 18. Full Details
Arizona. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain a copy of their own original birth certificates. Arizona implemented a "donut hole" provision in a new law, effective January 1, 2022. It provides a right to some adoptees based on their dates of birth but denies the right to obtain the OBC to the vast majority of adoptees born in the state. Read more.
Arkansas. Beginning August 1, 2018, Arkansas law allows adult adoptees to request their adoption files. The request, however, is subject to a birthparent's ability to redact their names on the original birth certificates. This flow chart outlines how the law works. More information about the law and its requirements and discriminatory limitations is also here.
California. Adult adoptees do not have a right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates, except by court order. Adoptees must petition the court and show “good and compelling cause” in order to obtain any original birth record. Read more.
Colorado. Adult adoptees have a right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. An adopted person who is at least 18 years of age may apply for and receive a non-certified copy of their original birth certificate through the Colorado Department of Health and Environment. Read more.
Connecticut. Connecticut-born adult adopted people have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The right also extends to the adult children and grandchildren of the adopted person. Read more.
Delaware. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. While adoptees 21 years of age or older may request their OBCs, birth parents may legally veto their release. Read more.
District of Columbia. Adult adoptees in the District of Columbia the do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates, except by court order. The D.C. superior court controls all aspects of releasing an OBC or any identifying information, whether from court records or from vital records. Read more.
Florida. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates. While adoptees may apply for the original birth record, it takes signed affidavits of consent from birthparents---or death certificates showing that birthparents are deceased---to compel release of the OBC. Otherwise, release is allowed only by court order. Full Details
Georgia. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates. A court order is required. Read more.
Hawaii. Hawaiian-born adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. Only people who are adopted in Hawaii can request and obtain their court adoption records, which may include an original birth certificate. The law does not apply to people born in Hawaii but adopted in a different state. Read more.
Idaho. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. An OBC is available only by court order or conditionally through a state-operated “voluntary adoption registry.” Disclosure of an original birth certificate through the registry is subject to consent of the parties and may require the consent of both birth parents. Read more.
Illinois. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state has a tiered date-based system and uses an adoption registry to facilitate release of OBCs. The date of birth of an adoptee determines who has unrestricted rights to an OBC or who may be subject to a birth parent’s request to redact identifying information on the OBC. Read more.
Indiana. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. A new law, effective July 1, 2018, expands the release of specifically defined "identifying information," but a birth parent may prohibit release of that information at any time. Read more.
Iowa. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Original birth records are subject to the right of birthparents to file redaction requests. Full Details
Kansas. While original birth certificates are sealed, adult adoptees in Kansas have always had an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Court records in adoption proceedings are also available to adoptees upon request. Read more.
Kentucky. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. A court order is required. Read more.
Louisiana. Adult adoptees do not have access to their own original birth certificates, except by court order. An adoptee must demonstrate “compelling reasons” for a court to order release of an original birth certificate. Read more.
Maine. Adult adoptees have the unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Adoptees must be 18 years of age before requesting their OBCs. Maine also allows a birth parent to file a genuine contact preference and medical history form, which is attached to the original birth certificate. Read more.
Maryland. For all practical purposes, Maryland should be defined as a "restricted" state because there are so few current adult adoptees who may qualify under its compromised law, which applies only to adoptions finalized on or after January 1, 2000. Because adoptees must also be at least 21 years of age to request the OBC, the law effectively applies only to those adoptees who were older at the time and adopted on or after January 1, 2000. In addition, birthparents under the compromised law may at any time veto disclosure of birth records or identifying information. Adoptees whose adoptions were finalized before January 1, 2000, do not have a right to obtain their OBCs. It remains available only by court order. Read more.
Massachusetts. Not all adult adoptees have the unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Rather, adoptees born between July 17, 1974, and January 1, 2008, are denied access to their own OBCs, except by court order. Adoptees born on or before July 17, 1974, have unrestricted access to their own original birth certificates, as do those born after January 1, 2008 (upon reaching the age of 18). Read more.
Michigan. Michigan requires the use of a “Central Adoption Registry” to process information and to determine whether an adoptee should or should not get “identifying information,” which does not initially include an original birth certificate. Depending on an adoptee’s date of birth, a parent may deny access to identifying information or withhold access by saying nothing. In either case, no identifying information may be released to the adoptee, except by court order. Read more.
Minnesota. The right of adult adopted people to obtain their own original birth certificate is complex and based primarily on the date of adoption. Generally, it requires the affirmative written consent of any birthparents and the state uses a complex, confidential, and often expensive intermediary system involving the department of health, the department of human services, and individual adoption agencies. Read more.
Mississippi. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. It takes a court order. Read more.
Missouri. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state has a complex framework that makes the original birth certificate subject to birth parent disclosure vetoes that may extend beyond the death of the parent. Read more.
Montana. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state has a somewhat complex tiered system that depends upon an adoptee’s date of adoption. While an original birth certificate may be available more easily to adoptees who are 30 years of age or older, court orders may be required for younger adoptees and in all cases where a birth parent requests that a court order be required. Read more.
Nebraska. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain the original birth certificate. Nebraska law is remarkably complex and confusing. Generally, any right to obtain the OBC depends on the date of an adoptee’s relinquishment and also whether a birth parent—and sometimes an adoptive parent—has affirmatively consented to disclosure or has filed a “nonconsent” form objecting to the OBC’s release. Read more.
Nevada. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. It requires a court order. Read more.
New Hampshire. Adoptees who are at least 18 years of age have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state also allows birth parents to file a contact preference form and/or health history questionnaire, neither of which will restrict the right of adult adoptees to obtain their OBCs. Read more.
New Jersey is best described as a "limited time redaction" state, as its current law, effective on January 1, 2017, provided birthparents a limited amount of time to request redaction of their information from the adoptee's original birth certificate. Thus, while most adult adoptees now have a right to obtain their own original birth certificates, approximately 550 birthparents filed redaction requests, leading to redaction of the parents’ identifying information on the OBC. Those 550 adult adoptees have no do not have the right to an unredacted original birth certificate except through securing a court order. Read more.
New Mexico. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Good cause is required through a court order. Read more.
New York. Adult adopted persons and their descendants have an unrestricted right to request and obtain the adoptee's original birth certificate, without discriminatory restrictions. The law, which overturned 83 years of iron-clad secrecy, became effective January 15, 2020. Read more.
North Carolina. Adult adoptees do not have unrestricted access to their own original birth certificates. A court order is required for the release of any identifying information, including an OBC. An OBC must be specifically requested in any court action that seeks the release of identifying information. Read more.
North Dakota. Adult adoptees do not have access to their own original birth certificates, except by court order. Read more.
Ohio. Not all adoptees in Ohio have unrestricted access to their own original birth certificates. While legislative reforms removed some restrictions in 2013, significant legal restrictions remain, including birth parent redaction and disclosure vetoes. Read more.
Oklahoma. Adult adoptees do not have unrestricted access to their original birth certificates. Currently, nearly all adult adoptees must obtain a court order and show good cause for release. While adoptees whose adoptions were finalized after November 1, 1997, do not require a court order, requests for such OBCs are subject to birth parent disclosure vetoes and redaction. Read more.
Oregon. Adoptees who are at least 21 years of age have an unrestricted right to access their original birth certificates. A birth parent may file a contact preference form but it has no effect or restriction on the right of adult adoptees to receive their OBCs. Oregon law also allows adoptees access to specific records in the court adoption proceedings. Read more.
Pennsylvania. A new law, now effective, allows adoptees who are at least 18 years of age—and who must be high school graduates, possess a GED, or are withdrawn legally from school— to request their original birth record. Birthparents, however may redact identifying information on the OBC by filing a “name redaction request.” Redaction requests may be filed or withdrawn at any time and do not extend beyond a filing parent’s death. Read more.
Rhode Island. Adult adoptees have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates at age 18. Birth parents may file a contact preference form, which has no effect on the release of an OBC. Read more.
South Carolina. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. A court order is required. Read more.
South Dakota. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates except by court order. Nevertheless, upon "maturity" an adoptee may petition the court for release of the adoptee's court adoption records, which will typically lead to or include release of the OBC. Read more.
Tennessee. Nearly all adoptees who are 21 years of age have a right to request and obtain their their “adoption records,” which should include original birth certificates. The only exception to this right is for an adult adoptee whose birth parent was a victim of rape or incest—in such cases the written consent of the birth parent is required for release of records. Tennessee also criminalizes contact with birth parents who have registered with a contact veto registry. Read more.
Texas. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. With one exception, release of the OBC requires a court order. Adoptees 18 years of age or older who also know the identities of their birth parents, however, may obtain a non-certified copy of their OBC without the need for a court order. Read more.
Utah. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. While adoptees 18 years of age or older may request their OBCs, release depends on participating in a voluntary registry as well as obtaining the consent of birthparents, unless a birthparent is dead. Read more.
Vermont. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. An OBC may be obtained through a probate court order or by adoptees who are at least 18 years of age and who have already obtained identifying information through Vermont’s Adoption Registry. Read more.
Virginia. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. Release of an OBC requires either a) a state agency’s decision, upon good cause shown, to release identifying information from the adoption records; or b) a court order upon good cause shown. Read more.
Washington. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. An OBC is available through the Department of Health but release is subject to birth parent disclosure vetoes as well as to corrupt contact preference forms that allow birthparents to deny release of the OBC. Disclosure vetoes and contact preference forms expire on the death of the birth parent. Read more.
West Virginia. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. A court order, requiring good cause, is required before the release of an OBC. Read more.
Wisconsin. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. Wisconsin requires either court order or participation in a consent-based "Adoption Records Search Program." Read more.
Wyoming. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their original birth certificates. It takes a court order for release of an OBC, with no specific standards or procedures outlined in seeking such an order. Read more.
Alabama. Adult adoptees have the unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates, beginning at age 19. Read more.
Alaska. Adult adoptees have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates, beginning at age 18. Full Details
Arizona. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain a copy of their own original birth certificates. Arizona implemented a "donut hole" provision in a new law, effective January 1, 2022. It provides a right to some adoptees based on their dates of birth but denies the right to obtain the OBC to the vast majority of adoptees born in the state. Read more.
Arkansas. Beginning August 1, 2018, Arkansas law allows adult adoptees to request their adoption files. The request, however, is subject to a birthparent's ability to redact their names on the original birth certificates. This flow chart outlines how the law works. More information about the law and its requirements and discriminatory limitations is also here.
California. Adult adoptees do not have a right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates, except by court order. Adoptees must petition the court and show “good and compelling cause” in order to obtain any original birth record. Read more.
Colorado. Adult adoptees have a right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. An adopted person who is at least 18 years of age may apply for and receive a non-certified copy of their original birth certificate through the Colorado Department of Health and Environment. Read more.
Connecticut. Connecticut-born adult adopted people have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The right also extends to the adult children and grandchildren of the adopted person. Read more.
Delaware. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. While adoptees 21 years of age or older may request their OBCs, birth parents may legally veto their release. Read more.
District of Columbia. Adult adoptees in the District of Columbia the do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates, except by court order. The D.C. superior court controls all aspects of releasing an OBC or any identifying information, whether from court records or from vital records. Read more.
Florida. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates. While adoptees may apply for the original birth record, it takes signed affidavits of consent from birthparents---or death certificates showing that birthparents are deceased---to compel release of the OBC. Otherwise, release is allowed only by court order. Full Details
Georgia. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates. A court order is required. Read more.
Hawaii. Hawaiian-born adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. Only people who are adopted in Hawaii can request and obtain their court adoption records, which may include an original birth certificate. The law does not apply to people born in Hawaii but adopted in a different state. Read more.
Idaho. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. An OBC is available only by court order or conditionally through a state-operated “voluntary adoption registry.” Disclosure of an original birth certificate through the registry is subject to consent of the parties and may require the consent of both birth parents. Read more.
Illinois. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state has a tiered date-based system and uses an adoption registry to facilitate release of OBCs. The date of birth of an adoptee determines who has unrestricted rights to an OBC or who may be subject to a birth parent’s request to redact identifying information on the OBC. Read more.
Indiana. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. A new law, effective July 1, 2018, expands the release of specifically defined "identifying information," but a birth parent may prohibit release of that information at any time. Read more.
Iowa. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Original birth records are subject to the right of birthparents to file redaction requests. Full Details
Kansas. While original birth certificates are sealed, adult adoptees in Kansas have always had an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Court records in adoption proceedings are also available to adoptees upon request. Read more.
Kentucky. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. A court order is required. Read more.
Louisiana. Adult adoptees do not have access to their own original birth certificates, except by court order. An adoptee must demonstrate “compelling reasons” for a court to order release of an original birth certificate. Read more.
Maine. Adult adoptees have the unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Adoptees must be 18 years of age before requesting their OBCs. Maine also allows a birth parent to file a genuine contact preference and medical history form, which is attached to the original birth certificate. Read more.
Maryland. For all practical purposes, Maryland should be defined as a "restricted" state because there are so few current adult adoptees who may qualify under its compromised law, which applies only to adoptions finalized on or after January 1, 2000. Because adoptees must also be at least 21 years of age to request the OBC, the law effectively applies only to those adoptees who were older at the time and adopted on or after January 1, 2000. In addition, birthparents under the compromised law may at any time veto disclosure of birth records or identifying information. Adoptees whose adoptions were finalized before January 1, 2000, do not have a right to obtain their OBCs. It remains available only by court order. Read more.
Massachusetts. Not all adult adoptees have the unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Rather, adoptees born between July 17, 1974, and January 1, 2008, are denied access to their own OBCs, except by court order. Adoptees born on or before July 17, 1974, have unrestricted access to their own original birth certificates, as do those born after January 1, 2008 (upon reaching the age of 18). Read more.
Michigan. Michigan requires the use of a “Central Adoption Registry” to process information and to determine whether an adoptee should or should not get “identifying information,” which does not initially include an original birth certificate. Depending on an adoptee’s date of birth, a parent may deny access to identifying information or withhold access by saying nothing. In either case, no identifying information may be released to the adoptee, except by court order. Read more.
Minnesota. The right of adult adopted people to obtain their own original birth certificate is complex and based primarily on the date of adoption. Generally, it requires the affirmative written consent of any birthparents and the state uses a complex, confidential, and often expensive intermediary system involving the department of health, the department of human services, and individual adoption agencies. Read more.
Mississippi. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. It takes a court order. Read more.
Missouri. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state has a complex framework that makes the original birth certificate subject to birth parent disclosure vetoes that may extend beyond the death of the parent. Read more.
Montana. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state has a somewhat complex tiered system that depends upon an adoptee’s date of adoption. While an original birth certificate may be available more easily to adoptees who are 30 years of age or older, court orders may be required for younger adoptees and in all cases where a birth parent requests that a court order be required. Read more.
Nebraska. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain the original birth certificate. Nebraska law is remarkably complex and confusing. Generally, any right to obtain the OBC depends on the date of an adoptee’s relinquishment and also whether a birth parent—and sometimes an adoptive parent—has affirmatively consented to disclosure or has filed a “nonconsent” form objecting to the OBC’s release. Read more.
Nevada. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. It requires a court order. Read more.
New Hampshire. Adoptees who are at least 18 years of age have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. The state also allows birth parents to file a contact preference form and/or health history questionnaire, neither of which will restrict the right of adult adoptees to obtain their OBCs. Read more.
New Jersey is best described as a "limited time redaction" state, as its current law, effective on January 1, 2017, provided birthparents a limited amount of time to request redaction of their information from the adoptee's original birth certificate. Thus, while most adult adoptees now have a right to obtain their own original birth certificates, approximately 550 birthparents filed redaction requests, leading to redaction of the parents’ identifying information on the OBC. Those 550 adult adoptees have no do not have the right to an unredacted original birth certificate except through securing a court order. Read more.
New Mexico. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. Good cause is required through a court order. Read more.
New York. Adult adopted persons and their descendants have an unrestricted right to request and obtain the adoptee's original birth certificate, without discriminatory restrictions. The law, which overturned 83 years of iron-clad secrecy, became effective January 15, 2020. Read more.
North Carolina. Adult adoptees do not have unrestricted access to their own original birth certificates. A court order is required for the release of any identifying information, including an OBC. An OBC must be specifically requested in any court action that seeks the release of identifying information. Read more.
North Dakota. Adult adoptees do not have access to their own original birth certificates, except by court order. Read more.
Ohio. Not all adoptees in Ohio have unrestricted access to their own original birth certificates. While legislative reforms removed some restrictions in 2013, significant legal restrictions remain, including birth parent redaction and disclosure vetoes. Read more.
Oklahoma. Adult adoptees do not have unrestricted access to their original birth certificates. Currently, nearly all adult adoptees must obtain a court order and show good cause for release. While adoptees whose adoptions were finalized after November 1, 1997, do not require a court order, requests for such OBCs are subject to birth parent disclosure vetoes and redaction. Read more.
Oregon. Adoptees who are at least 21 years of age have an unrestricted right to access their original birth certificates. A birth parent may file a contact preference form but it has no effect or restriction on the right of adult adoptees to receive their OBCs. Oregon law also allows adoptees access to specific records in the court adoption proceedings. Read more.
Pennsylvania. A new law, now effective, allows adoptees who are at least 18 years of age—and who must be high school graduates, possess a GED, or are withdrawn legally from school— to request their original birth record. Birthparents, however may redact identifying information on the OBC by filing a “name redaction request.” Redaction requests may be filed or withdrawn at any time and do not extend beyond a filing parent’s death. Read more.
Rhode Island. Adult adoptees have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates at age 18. Birth parents may file a contact preference form, which has no effect on the release of an OBC. Read more.
South Carolina. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. A court order is required. Read more.
South Dakota. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their original birth certificates except by court order. Nevertheless, upon "maturity" an adoptee may petition the court for release of the adoptee's court adoption records, which will typically lead to or include release of the OBC. Read more.
Tennessee. Nearly all adoptees who are 21 years of age have a right to request and obtain their their “adoption records,” which should include original birth certificates. The only exception to this right is for an adult adoptee whose birth parent was a victim of rape or incest—in such cases the written consent of the birth parent is required for release of records. Tennessee also criminalizes contact with birth parents who have registered with a contact veto registry. Read more.
Texas. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. With one exception, release of the OBC requires a court order. Adoptees 18 years of age or older who also know the identities of their birth parents, however, may obtain a non-certified copy of their OBC without the need for a court order. Read more.
Utah. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to request and obtain their own original birth certificates. While adoptees 18 years of age or older may request their OBCs, release depends on participating in a voluntary registry as well as obtaining the consent of birthparents, unless a birthparent is dead. Read more.
Vermont. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. An OBC may be obtained through a probate court order or by adoptees who are at least 18 years of age and who have already obtained identifying information through Vermont’s Adoption Registry. Read more.
Virginia. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. Release of an OBC requires either a) a state agency’s decision, upon good cause shown, to release identifying information from the adoption records; or b) a court order upon good cause shown. Read more.
Washington. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. An OBC is available through the Department of Health but release is subject to birth parent disclosure vetoes as well as to corrupt contact preference forms that allow birthparents to deny release of the OBC. Disclosure vetoes and contact preference forms expire on the death of the birth parent. Read more.
West Virginia. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. A court order, requiring good cause, is required before the release of an OBC. Read more.
Wisconsin. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their own original birth certificates. Wisconsin requires either court order or participation in a consent-based "Adoption Records Search Program." Read more.
Wyoming. Adult adoptees do not have an unrestricted right to obtain their original birth certificates. It takes a court order for release of an OBC, with no specific standards or procedures outlined in seeking such an order. Read more.

View maps

The OBC: Numbers

10unrestricted
24compromised
17restricted
51View All

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T: (612) 221-3947
E: [email protected]

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